Rendezvous radiológico-endoscópico para manejo de obstrucción biliar: Reporte de casos y revisión de la literatura / Endoscopic-radiologic rendezvous for biliary obstruction management: Case report and literature review

La obstrucción biliar de diverso origen constituye un problema clínico frecuente, con importante impacto sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes y que plantea el riesgo permanente de colangitis. El manejo de estos pacientes ha evolucionado en el tiempo, haciendo acopio de diversos desarrollos tecnológicos e involucrando a clínicos, cirujanos, gastroenterólogos y radiólogos intervencionistas. Reportamos aquí cuatro casos de pacientes con obstrucción biliar que, a pesar de las importantes diferencias demográficas y etiológicas, pudieron ser exitosamente manejados, abordando la vía biliar con la técnica de Rendezvous radiológico endoscópico.

Biliary obstruction of different origin is a common clinical problem, with significant impact on the patients´ quality of life and poses a permanent risk of cholangitis. The management of these patients has evolved over time, makes collection of various technological developments and involve clinicians, surgeons, gastroenterologists, and interventional radiologists. Were port four cases of biliary obstruction that despite the significant demographic and clinical differences between them could be successfully managed approach in the biliary tract with the technique of radiological endoscopic Rendezvous.

Risks of transesophageal endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage

SUMMARY OF EVENT: Pneumoderma, mediastinal emphysema, and bilateral pneumothorax were developed in the patient who had undergone transesophageal endoscopic ultrasonography-guided rendezvous technique. Chest drainage was performed immediately. TEACHING POINT: Transesophageal approach carries the potential risks of severe complications such as mediastinal emphysema, mediastinitis, and pneumothorax. To prevent puncturing through the esophagus, clipping the esophagogastric junction using a forward-viewing scope before procedure is very useful. In cases of inadvertent transesophageal puncture, devices other than the needle should not be passed through the site.

EUS-guided rendezvous for malignant obstructive jaundice after failured ERCP / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of EUS-guided rendezvous (EUS-RV) when ERCP failed in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. Methods 12 cases of malignant obstructive jaundice patients were underwent EUS-RV after unsuccessful ERCP. The operation success rate, liver function recovery 1 week and 1 month after operation, complication rates, hospital stay and patient survival were observed. Results All 12 patients were successfully operated and placed stents by endoscopic ultrasound puncture following by ERCP: 8 patients by the stomach, 4 patients by duodenum, the operation success rate was 100.00%; There were significant difference between the liver function recovery of preoperative and postoperative one week or postoperative one week and postoperative one month (P < 0.05). 1 bleeding occurred and were improved after conservative treatment, the complications rate was 8.33%; the hospital stay was (20.68 ± 5.76) d; the average survival time of patients was 224 d. Conclusion EUS-guided rendezvous may be the alternative treatment due to the diminutive trauma and good effect when ERCP failed in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.

The rendezvous technique involving insertion of a guidewire in a percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage tube for biliary access in a case of difficult biliary cannulation / Journal of Rural Medicine

<p>Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic method and treatment approach for biliary diseases. However, biliary cannulation can be difficult in some cases. We performed ERCP in a 97-year-old woman with abdominal pain resulting from acute cholangitis caused by choledocholithiasis and observed difficult biliary cannulation. Eventually, the patient was successfully treated with the rendezvous technique. We could not cannulate the biliary duct during ERCP twice. Therefore, we placed a percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) tube without intrahepatic dilation. The rendezvous technique was performed using the PTGBD tube. The patient did not experience pancreatitis or perforation.</p>

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy in Surgically Altered Anatomy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become the mainstay of therapy for pancreatobiliary diseases. While ERCP is safe and highly effective in the general population, the procedure remains challenging or impossible in patients with surgically altered anatomy (SAA). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allows transmural access to the bile or pancreatic duct (PD) prior to ductal drainage using ERCP-based techniques. Also known as endosonography-guided cholangiopancreatography (ESCP), the procedure provides multiple advantages over overtube-assisted enteroscopy ERCP or percutaneous or surgical approaches. However, the procedure should only be performed by endoscopists experienced in both EUS and ERCP and with the proper tools. In this review, various EUS-guided diagnostic and therapeutic drainage techniques in patients with SAA are examined. Detailed step-by-step procedural descriptions, technical tips, feasibility, and safety data are also discussed.

Procedimiento combinado (rendezvouz): endoscópico y transkehr / Combined procedure (rendezvous): endoscopic and transkehr

Hasta los años 70 la obstrucción biliar fue tratada con derivaciones biliodigestivas. El abordaje percutáneo se ha venido utilizando con fi nes diagnósticos y terapéuticos cada vez más prometedores. Los métodos combinados que utilizan endoscopia (Rendezvous) pueden realizarse vía transparietohepática, eco endoscópica, laparoscopica o transKehr. Objetivo: Evaluar el abordaje de la vía biliar a través de la combinación de la técnica endoscópica y transkehr (Rendezvous). Métodos: Se evaluaron pacientes entre enero 2004 y febrero 2012 a quienes se les realizó colecistectomía más coledocotomía y colocación de tubo de Kehr, y con deformidad postquirúrgica, canulación difícil y dificultad del paso del contraste a duodeno vía transkehr que imposibilitan la colangiografía retrógrada endoscópica. Resultados: De 1146 colangiografías retrógrada endoscópicas, 12 (1.04%) fueron realizadas en pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. 75% del sexo femenino. La etiología más frecuente fue la colédocolitiasis (83.3%) y 16.7% estenosis de papila. En todos los pacientes el drenaje biliar fue exitoso. No hubo complicaciones ni mortalidad asociada al procedimiento. Conclusiones: El procedimiento combinado endoscópico-transKehr es efectivo, sencillo y seguro en el abordaje biliar alternativo cuando fracasa o no es posible la técnica convencional, asociado a menor trauma papilar y menos incidencia de pancreatitis.

Until the 1970s, biliary obstruction was resolved surgically. Percutaneous approach has been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes with more and more promising results. Combined methods using endoscopy (Rendezvous) can be made via transparietohepatic, endoscopic ultrasound, laparoscopic, or transKehr. Objective: Evaluate the approach of the biliary tract through the combination of the endoscopic technique and transkehr (Rendezvous). Methods: Evaluated patients between January 2004 and February 2012 those who underwent both cholecystectomy more coledocotomy combined with Kehr tube placement, because of postoperative deformity, difficult cannulation or difficulty of the passage from the contrast to duodenum through transkehr tube, that therefore preclude cholangiography retrograde endoscopic. Results: from 1146 retrograde cholangiography endoscopic, 12 (1.04%) were performed in patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 75% were female. The most frequent etiology was choledocholithiasis (83.3%) and stenosis of duodenal papilla 16.7%. Biliary drainage was successful in all patients. There were no complications or mortality associated with the procedure. Conclusions: The combined procedure endoscopic-transKehr is effective, simple and secure alternative biliary approach when it fails or is not possible the conventional technique, associated with minor trauma papillary and less incidence of pancreatitis.

Derivaciones biliopancreáticas guiadas por ultrasonido endoscópico: descripción de caso y revisión de la literatura / Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliopancreatic diversion: case description and literature review

En este trabajo se presenta el primer caso reportado de hepatogastrostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico,realizada en un paciente con antecedente de cirugía bariátrica (banda gástrica), y se revisan la evolución clínica y de la técnica, así como los accesorios utilizados. Se complementa este caso clínico con unarevisión detallada y actualizada de la literatura médica referente a las derivaciones biliopancreáticas guiadaspor ultrasonido endoscópico, las cuales son procedimientos en rápido desarrollo e incrementan el armamentarium terapéutico para los pacientes que requieren derivaciones biliares o pancreáticas, y en quienes hafallado la derivación por colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) o no es posible realizarla; también lo es para quienes no son candidatos a la alternativa de la derivación biliar percutánea o la rechazan. Entre los mencionados procedimientos se incluyen la hepatogastrostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico, el rendezvous biliopancreático guiado por ultrasonido endoscópico, la oledocoduodenostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico, la colecistogastrostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico y la pancreatogastrostomíaguiada por ultrasonido endoscópico. Se hará, además, una descripción técnica de cada uno de estos procedimientos y de los accesorios requeridos.Finalmente, se plantea el manejo de los pacientes, guiados por los pioneros de mayor experiencia en estas técnicas en el mundo; procedimientos que ya tienen un lugar reconocido dentro del armamentarium terapéutico de los pacientes que ameritan tal tipo de derivaciones.

In this paper we present the fi rst reported case of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatic-gastrostomy, performed on a patient with a history of bariatric surgery (gastric banding). We review the patient’s clinical history and thetechnology and accessories used. This case report is supplemented with a detailed and updated review of themedical literature regarding endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary-pancreatic diversions. These procedures are rapidly developing in a way that is increasing the therapeutic armory for patients who require biliary or pancreatic derivations but who do not meet the requirements for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),and who are not candidates for, or who reject, the option of percutaneous biliary bypass.These procedures include the hepatic gastrostomy guided by endoscopic ultrasound, biliary-pancreatic rendezvous guided by endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided cholecystogastrostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic gastrostomy.This article provides a technical description of each of these procedures and the accessories required.Finally, we present patient management following the guide of the most experienced pioneers of thesetechniques in the world. These procedures already have a well-recognized place in the therapeutic armory for patients who require this kind of diversion.

Experiencia con el método laparoendoscópico rendez-vous para manejo en un solo tiempo delitiasis vesicular y coledocolitiasis / Experience with laparoendoscopic rendez-vous approach in a single time management of vesicular lithiasis and choledocholithiasis

Se describe la primera experiencia con la utilización del método laparoendoscópico rendez-vous en el manejo de pacientes con litiasis vesicular y alta sospecha de coledocolitiasis en el servicio de Cirugía I del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Método: Se aplicó el método rendez-vous a 8 pacientes que ingresaron con los diagnósticos de litiasis vesicular y alta sospecha de coledocolitiasis de forma electiva. Resultados: Se realizó la colangiografía intraoperatoria en 7 de 8 pacientes, se confirmó la presencia de coledocolitiasis en cuatro pacientes (57%) y se logró la extracción exitosa de cálculos de la vía biliar en 3 (75%) a través de colangiografía retrógrada endoscópica selectiva sobre guía biliar previa-mente colocada por el cirujano vía transcística. No se reportaron casos de pancreatitis post procedimiento ni casos de litiasis residual en 3 meses de seguimiento. La media de estadía hospitalaria fue de 9,75 días (2 ­ 25 días) y de estadía postoperatoria 2,87 días (1 ­ 7 días). Conclusión: El método rendez-vous se presenta como alternativa terapéutica mínimamente invasiva segura y exitosa para el manejo de pacientes con alta sospecha de coledocolitiasis y litiasis vesicular, trayendo como beneficios la resolución en un tiempo anestésico de ambas patologías, la disminución de las complicaciones de la CPRE y una estancia hospitalaria corta(AU)

We describe the first experience using laparoendoscopic "ren-dez-vous" approach in the management of patients diagnosed with simultaneous cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis at General Surgery Department of "Hospital Universitario de Caracas". Method: Eight patients diagnosed with simultaneous cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis underwent elective laparoendoscopic "rendez-vous" approach. Results: Intraoperative cholangiography confirmed choledocholithiasis in four patients (57%), lithiasis were successfully extracted on three of them (75%) using intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography after transcystic insertion of a guide wire to reach Vater's papilla. No post endoscopic retrograde cholangiography pacreatitis or residual common ductal stones were reported after a 3 months follow. Mean hospital stay was 9.75 days (2-25 days), and mean post operatory stay was 2.87 days (1-7 days). Conclusion: Rendez-vous approach isa minimal invasive, safe and effective choice available to the management of patients diagnosed with simultaneous cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis, which is performed in a single anesthesia, needs a short hospital stay and lowers ERC complications(AU)

EUS-Guided Biliary Drainage

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) combines endoscopy and intraluminal ultrasonography, and allows imaging with a high-frequency transducer over a short distance to generate high-resolution ultrasonographic images. EUS is now a widely accepted modality for diagnosing pancreatobiliary diseases. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) using a curved linear-array echoendoscope was initially described more than 20 years ago, and since then many researchers have expanded its indications to sample diverse lesions and have also used it for various therapeutic purposes. EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is one of the therapeutic procedures that has been developed using a curved linear-array echoendoscope. Technically, EUS-BD includes rendezvous techniques via transesophageal, transgastric, and transduodenal routes, EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS), and EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS). Published data have demonstrated a high success rate, albeit with a comparatively high rate of nonfatal complications for EUS-CDS and EUS-HGS, and a comparatively low success rate with a low complication rate for the rendezvous technique. At present, these procedures represent an alternative to surgery or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for patients with obstructive jaundice when endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) has failed. However, these procedures should be performed in centers with extensive experience in linear EUS and therapeutic biliary ERCP. Large prospective studies are needed in the near future to establish standardized EUS-BD procedures as well as to perform controlled comparative trials between EUS-BD and PTBD, between rendezvous techniques and direct-access techniques (EUS-CDS and EUS-HGS), and between EBD and EUS-BD.

Usefulness of the Rendezvous Technique for Biliary Stricture after Adult Right-Lobe Living-Donor Liver Transplantation with Duct-To-Duct Anastomosis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Replacement of a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheter with inside stents using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is difficult in patients with angulated or twisted biliary anastomotic stricture after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We evaluated the usefulness and safety of the rendezvous technique for the management of biliary stricture after LDLT. METHODS: Twenty patients with PTBD because of biliary stricture after LDLT with duct-to-duct anastomosis underwent the placement of inside stents using the rendezvous technique. RESULTS: Inside stents were successfully placed in the 20 patients using the rendezvous technique. The median procedure time was 29.6 (range, 7.5-71.8) minutes. The number of inside stents placed was one in 12 patients and two in eight patients. One mild acute pancreatitis and one acute cholangitis occurred, which improved within a few days. Inside stent related sludge or stone was identified in 12 patients during follow-up. Thirteen patients achieved stent-free status for a median of 281 (range, 70-1,351) days after removal of the inside stents. CONCLUSIONS: The rendezvous technique is a useful and safe method for the replacement of PTBD catheter with inside stent in patients with biliary stricture after LDLT with duct-to-duct anastomosis. The rendezvous technique could be recommended to patients with angulated or twisted strictures.

Bile Duct Cannulation Guided by a Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) Tube: Modified Rendezvous Procedure / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To describe a simple and useful modification of the rendezvous technique using a PTBD tube as guidance. METHODS: From January 2005 to August 2006, a total of 436 ERCPs were performed. A diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was made in 235 cases. Deep cannulation of the bile duct using standard techniques was unsuccessful in 27 patients (11.5%). A precut papillotomy led to successful cannulation in 16 out of these 27 patients (59.3%). The remaining 11 patients (40.7%) underwent PTBD with the tube tip placed in the second portion of the duodenum. Bile duct cannulation was attempted with the guidance of a PTBD tube in 9 cases. In the other 2 cases, the transduodenal approach was impossible due to a previous Billroth II operation. RESULTS: Bile duct cannulation guided by a PTBD tube, which is also known as a modified rendezvous procedure, was successful in 9 out of 11 patients (81.8%). Deep cannulation of the bile duct was achieved in 100% of patients, who could be treated by endoscopy. There were 7 cases of transient hyperamylasemia (77.8%) but no procedure-related major complications or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Bile duct cannulation guided by a PTBD tube in patients with choledocholithiasis can be recommended when ERCP is unsuccessful using the standard technique.

Closed-form Algorithm for Relative Pose Parameters of Spacecraft Based on 3D Reconstruction / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To research a new algorithm to get the relative pose parameters of spacecraft during the final approach phase of spacecraft rendezvous and docking(RVD).Methods The method was based on the shape of five non-coplanar points and the model of the pinhole,and the conception of 3D reconstruction was employed.For the shape of the mark was known,the 3-D shape of the cross-mark was reconstructed based on the single visual system,and the closed-form algorithm for relative pose parameters of spacecraft was given.Results The algorithm had been validated by the mathematical simulation,and the precise results of the relative pose parameters were calculated.Conclusion The simulation results show that the algorithm is rather simple and with relative accuracy.Furthermore it is meets exact the need in real time.

Simulation Study on Performance of Control by Man and Machine in the Stage of Final Approaching for Rendezvous and Docking / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To study the performance evaluation of integration rendezvous and docking(RVD)control by man and machine in order to provide reference for function allocation between man and machine.Method By a rendezvous and docking experimental system,30 male volunteers aged 20～40 took part in the performance evaluation experiments.The RVD integration control success rates and total thruster ignition time were chosen as evaluation indices.Result The experiment showed that if less than three RVD parameters control tasks were completed by the subjects and the rest of parameters control task completed by automation,the RVD success rate would be larger than 80.47% and the fuel consumption would be optimized.In addition,there were ten subjects who finished the whole 6 RVD parameters control tasks by enough train.Conclusion If the astronauts role should be integrated into the RVD control,it is suitable for them to finish the heading,pitch and roll control in order to assure the man-machine system high performance.When astronauts were needed to finish all parameters control,two points should be taken into consideration,enough fuel and unconstraint operation time.

Endoscopic Minor Papilla Intervention in a Patient with Traumatic Ductal Leak without Pancreas Divisum / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Endoscopic treatment has been performed in a variety of pancreatic ductal diseases such as stones, strictures, sphincter stenosis, and ductal disruption and is known to be an effective therapy in some patients. Endoscopic treatment through the minor papilla is frequently done in patients with pancreas divisum. Few data are, however, available concerning endoscopic minor papilla interventions in patients without pancreas divisum but with difficult access to the main pancreatic duct at the major duodenal papilla. We present a 49-year-old man, who had pancreatic ductal leak caused by previous pancreatic surgery. He was treated by endoscopic naso-pancreatic drainage and pancreatic ductal stenting through the minor papilla, so called pancreatic rendezvous technique. Follow-up ductography after two-weeks of naso-pancreatic drainage showed no leak. This case shows that minor papillar orifice could be an alternative access for therapeutic endoscopic intervention in a patient with traumatic pancreatic ductal leak without pancreas divisum.